材料科学与工程导论 双语【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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Chapter 1 Introduction1

Learning Objectives1

1.1 Historical Perspective1

1.2 What is Materials Science and Engineering?2

1.3 Why Study Materials Science and Engineering?5

1.4 Classification of Materials5

1.5 Advanced Materials9

1.6 Modern Materials'Needs10

References11

Chapter 2 The Structure of Crystalline Solids13

Learning Objectives13

2.1 Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding13

2.1.1 Fundamental Concepts14

2.1.2 Bonding Forces and Energies14

2.1.3 Atomic Bonding in Solids16

2.2 Crystal Structures22

2.2.1 Fundamental Concepts22

2.2.2 Metallic Crystal Structures and Crystal Systems23

2.2.3 Crystallographic Points,Directions,and Planes30

2.2.4 Crystalline and Noncrystalline Materials37

2.3 Imperfections in Solids40

2.3.1 Point Defects in Metals40

2.3.2 Dislocations-Linear Defects43

2.3.3 Interfacial Defects44

2.3.4 Bulk or Volume Defects46

References48

Chapter 3 Polymer Materials49

Learning Objectives49

3.1 Polymer Structures49

3.1.1 Introduction49

3.1.2 Fundamental Concepts49

3.1.3 Polymer Molecules50

3.1.4 Designation of Polymers50

3.1.5 Commonly Used Polymers51

3.1.6 The Chemistry of Polymer Molecules58

3.2 Crystallization,Melting and Glass Transition Phenomena in Polymers65

3.3 Mechanical Properties of Polymers66

3.3.1 Stress-Strain Behavior67

3.3.2 Macroscopic Deformation68

3.3.3 Viscoelastic Deformation70

3.4 Polymer Types71

3.4.1 Plastics71

3.4.2 Elastomers72

3.4.3 Fibers73

3.4.4 Miscellaneous Applications Coatings73

3.5 Processing of Polymers74

3.5.1 Polymerization75

3.5.2 Polymer Additives76

3.5.3 Forming Techniques for Plastics78

3.5.4 Fabrication of Elastomers80

3.5.5 Fabrication of Fibers and Films81

References84

Chapter 4 Metallic Materials85

Learning Objectives85

4.1 Mechanical Properties of Metals85

4.1.1 Introduction85

4.1.2 Tensile Test86

4.1.3 Hardness Testing90

4.2 Dislocations and Strengthening91

4.2.1 The Role of Dislocations91

4.2.2 Work Hardening93

4.2.3 Grain Size Strengthening93

4.2.4 Alloy Hardening94

4.3 Failure96

4.3.1 Introduction96

4.3.2 Fundamentals of Fracture97

4.3.3 Ductile Fracture97

4.3.4 Brittle Fracture98

4.3.5 Fracture Mechanics in Design99

4.3.6 Fracture Toughness100

4.3.7 Fatigue101

4.3.8 Creep101

4.4 Phase Diagrams and Phase Transformations in Metals102

4.4.1 Introduction102

4.4.2 Phase Diagrams103

4.4.3 Phase Transformations107

4.5 Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys108

4.5.1 Introduction108

4.5.2 Types of Metal Alloys109

4.5.3 Fabrication of Metals113

4.5.4 Thermal Processing of Metals115

References120

Chapter 5 Ceramic Materials123

Learning Objectives123

5.1 Structures and Properties of Ceramics123

5.1.1 Introduction123

5.1.2 Ceramic Structures123

5.1.3 Mechanical Properties of Ceramics127

5.2 Application and Processing of Ceramics129

5.2.1 Types and Applications of Ceramics129

5.2.2 Fabrication and Processing of Ceramics131

References136

Chapter 6 Composite Materials137

Learning Objectives137

6.1 Introduction137

6.2 Particle-Reinforced Composites138

6.2.1 Large-Particle Composites139

6.2.2 Dispersion-Strengthened Composites140

6.3 Fiber-Reinforced Composites140

6.3.1 The Fiber Phase140

6.3.2 The Matrix Phase141

6.4 Polymer-Matrix Composites142

6.4.1 Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer(GFRP)Composites142

6.4.2 Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer(CFRP)Composites143

6.4.3 Aramid Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites143

6.5 Metal-Matrix Composites145

6.6 Ceramic-Matrix Composites146

References149

Chapter 7 Corrosion and Degradation of Materials150

Learning Objectives150

7.1 Introduction150

7.2 Corrosion of Metals150

7.2.1 Electrochemical Considerations151

7.2.2 Corrosion Rates153

7.2.3 Passivity153

7.2.4 Environmental Effects153

7.2.5 Forms of Corrosion154

7.2.6 Corrosion Environments158

7.2.7 Corrosion Prevention159

7.3 Corrosion of Ceramic Materials159

7.4 Degradation of Polymers160

7.4.1 Swelling and Dissolution160

7.4.2 Bond Rupture160

7.4.3 Weathering161

References163

Chapter 8 Electrical/Thermal/Magnetic/Optical Properties of Materials164

Learning Objectives164

8.1 Introduction165

8.2 Electrical Properties of Materials165

8.2.1 Metals and Alloys166

8.2.2 Semiconductors167

8.2.3 Ionic Ceramics and Polymers170

8.3 Thermal Properties of Materials170

8.3.1 Heat Capacity170

8.3.2 Thermal Expansion171

8.3.3 Thermal Conductivity172

8.3.4 Thermal Stresses172

8.4 Magnetic Properties of Materials174

8.4.1 Diamagnetism,Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism174

8.4.2 Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism177

8.4.3 The Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior179

8.4.4 Domains,Hysteresis and Magnetic Anisotropy179

8.4.5 Superconductivity181

8.5 Optical Properties of Materials186

8.5.1 Interaction of Light with Matter186

8.5.2 Atomic and Electronic Interactions187

8.5.3 Refraction,Reflection,Absorption and Transmission190

8.5.4 Opacity and Translucency in Insulators192

8.5.5 Applications of Optical Phenomena192

References197

Chapter 9 Biomaterials/Nanomaterials/Smart Materials198

Learning Objectives198

9.1 Biomaterials198

9.1.1 Definition of Biomaterials199

9.1.2 Performance of Biomaterials202

9.1.3 Brief Historical Background203

9.2 Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials205

9.2.1 Introduction205

9.2.2 Examples of Current Achievements and Paradigm Shifts209

9.3 Smart Materials214

9.3.1 Introduction214

9.3.2 Shape Memory Alloys215

9.3.3 Applications of Smart Materials219

Reference220